![]() The ratio of physiologic dead space to tidal volume is usually about 1/3. Alveolar dead space is the volume of gas within unperfused alveoli (and thus not participating in gas exchange either) it is usually negligible in the healthy, awake patient. Anatomic dead space is the volume of gas within the conducting zone (as opposed to the transitional and respiratory zones) and includes the trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles it is approximately 2 mL/kg in the upright position. This can be due to damage or fluid retention in the respiratory. ![]() Physiologic or total dead space is the sum of anatomic dead space and alveolar dead space. Alveolar dead space refers to alveoli that are ventilated but little gas exchange occurs. Dead space is the volume of a breath that does not participate in gas exchange. Emphysema harms the alveolar tissues and leads to air trapping and reduced diffusion surface area, thus increasing dead space volume. ![]()
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